Journal of Pharmacy and clinical Sciences, Volume 3(October-December 2011)

	Journal of Pharmacy and clinical Sciences ISSN: 2222-761X, EISSN: 2222-7903 Volume 3 (October-December, 2011) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	THE EFFECT OF BROWN ALGA CYSTOSEIRA MONILIFORMIS (KÜTZING) HAUCK EXTRACT ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL OF ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC ALBINO MICE (MUS MUSCULUS LINNE, 1758)
1.	by Menelo Ciudadano Hongayo
Abstract	The study was done to investigate the beneficial effect of the four fractions of Cystoseira moniliformis extracts. The four fractions of C. moniliformis were administered via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10mg (/20g mice) on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic albino mice (Mus musculus Linne 1758). The fasting blood glucose level, body weight and body temperature of diabetic mice were assessed. Histopathological examination on the mice pancreas was also done. No significant differences were found between Group C diabetic mice treated with Glibenclamide on Group D (p>0.05) treated with Hexane fraction of C. moniliformis extracts, Group E (p>0.05) treated with Diethyl ether fraction of C. moniliformis extract, Group F (p>0.05) treated with n-Butanol fraction of C. moniliformis extracts and Group G (p>0.05) treated with Aqueous fraction of C. moniliformis extracts on the fasting blood glucose level, body weight and body temperature on hyperglycemic mice. Concurrent histopathological studies of the pancreas of these animals showed regeneration by Hexane fraction treated group, Diethyl ether fraction treated group and Aqueous fraction treated group which were earlier necrosed by alloxan.

2.	AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND STAFF ON EPILEPSY IN MALAYSIA AND ISSUES OF INTEGRATING PEOPLE WITH EPILEPSY INTO SOCIETY AND THE LABOUR MARKET IN GERMANY
2.	by Abdelnaser Omran, Odile Schwarz-Herion & Susanne Viehbacher
Abstract	Epilepsy is hardly rare, but despite this, it is not well understood. The disease is seen among some students at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Those students may bother their colleagues who do not receive specific training about epilepsy during their education. Moreover, students and staff feel desperate not knowing how to handle the situation. This study aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of students and staff about epilepsy at USM. A 31-item questionnaire was used in the study. Students and staff from different schools in the university participated in the survey, yielding a response rate of 99.3%. This was followed by a slightly modified questionnaire served as a base for problem-centred interviews with seven participants at the epilepsy self-help group in Karlsruhe’s city centre (Southern Germany). This paper concludes that further education of family members on epilepsy is always required in Malaysia whereas family members in Germany nowadays, in general, have a higher degree on awareness on epilepsy, including knowledge about the right first aid-measures, than in the past. Nevertheless, there is still a significant potential for improving the general awareness on epilepsy and the right first-aid measures in the case of seizures in Germany. Therefore, further education in this field even for medical staff is urgently recommended in Germany.

3.	A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES PRESENTED AT TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN JOS, NIGERIA
3.	by Ekwere Okon Ekwere, Rosie McNeil, BobPaul Agim, Bamidele Jeminiwa, Olorunleke Oni & Sunday Pam
Abstract	Early developmental stages are particularly susceptible to disruption because this is the period for organogenesis. This refers to the 4th to 8th weeks of development. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of congenital anomalies presenting in tertiary health facilities in Jos and any association between the anomalies. A retrospective study of 200 cases of congenital anomalies that presented at the Jos University Teaching Hospital and Plateau State Specialist Hospital Jos-Nigeria was carried out. The data was collected from the Special Care Baby Unit of the health facilities and covered the period between January 1998 and December 2005. Anomalies of the gastrointestinal system had the highest incidence with 61 cases (30.5%); central nervous system abnormalities showed 49 cases (24.5%), skeletal system, 16 cases (8.0%), cardiovascular system, 15 (7.5%), urogenital system 10 (5.0%), chromosomal anomalies, 15 (7.5%), cutaneous system 4 (2.0%), metabolic disorders, 3 (1.5%) whereas 27 cases (13.5%) presented with multiple anomalies. There was no association found between the occurrences of the various congenital anomalies. The Health facilities in Jos metropolis showed various cases of congenital anomalies involving many organ systems. To reduce mortality rate therefore, it is important that careful examination of newborns be carried out inorder to detect (and correct) early cases of congenital anomalies.

4.	EPIDERMAL MICROMORPHOLOGY OF SPECIES IN THE GENUS CRASSOCEPHALUM MOENCH S. MOORE (COMPOSITAE) IN NIGERIA
4.	by Kemka, C.I. & Nwachukwu C.U.
Abstract	Detailed studies on eight Crassocophalum species (biafrae, C. montuosum, C. mannii, C. crepidioides C. vitellinum, C. rubens, C.togoense and C. sarcobasis) found in Nigeria, which are important leaf vegetables were undertaken with the aid of a microscope to ascertain their taxonomic relationship. The micromorphological features discovered include the hypostomatic distribution of stomata in C. mannii while the other species had hypoamphistomatic. Sinuous anticlinal wall was present on adaxial (upper) surfaces of C. togoense and C.crepidioides, the clusters of trichomes on mid-vein of the adaxial surfaces of C.vitellinum and C. crepidioides.The high density of trichomes on the veins of the adaxial surface of C.mannii is of taxonomic interest and could be used to demilit the taxon from the other species. C.vitellinum, C.crepidioides and C. togoense which are densely hairy could also be delimited from C.biafrae and C.montuosum that are sparsely hairy.A mixture of sinuous and straight-arcuate anticlinal wall was present in both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of all crassocephalum species studied except in C.togoense and C.crepidioides that has sinuous anticlinal wall in both adaxial and abaxial surfaces.

5.	THE EFFICACY OF SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE AS A MALARIA PROPHYLACTIC DRUG AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN OSOGBO, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
5.	by Nassar S.O. Hassan, Abd-Wasiu Oladele, Adebimpe Wasiu Olalekan & Akindele Razaq Akintunde
Abstract	Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria. A cross sectional study was carried out to determine the efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as a prophylactic drug against malaria among antenatal subjects in Osogbo, South Western Nigeria. A total of eighty-five pregnant women were recruited for the study. Thick blood film of the blood samples of the studied subjects were assessed for plasmodium falciparum at an interval for three consecutive times. Questionnaires were administered to assess adverse effect, knowledge, utilization and compliance with the drug regimen. The overall mean parasite density before drug administration was 700±221.3, 629.3±196.3 and 556.6±165.8, and after drug administration was 37.8±25.6, 39.2±28.3 and 32.9±32.6 in the primigravidae, secundigravidae and multigravidae respectively (P < 0.001). Based on dose(s) taken, the mean parasite density after drug administration in the study subjects that took two doses of SP was 35.0±24.9, 35.0±30.5 and 10.9±12.4 in primigravidae, secundigravidae and multigravidae respectively. The mean parasite density in those that took only one dose was 64.3±16.8, 63.9±11.6 and 48.9±33.8 in primigravidae, secundigravidae and multigravidae respectively. Comparing the differences in mean parasite density among those that received one dose and those that received two doses shows statistical significance only for the secundigravidae (P=0.016). Eighty three (97.7%) of the recruited women knew SP as a malaria prophylactic drug during pregnancy and 70 (82.4%) knew correct timing of taking the drug. Mild adverse effects were reported in the study. Fifty eight (68.2%) of study subjects took recommended doses of SP. It is evident from our results that sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a reliable drug that is useful for prophylaxis among pregnant women in secundigravidae and multigravidae in this locality.