International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 10, Issue 3(March 2012)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 10, Issue 3 (March, 2012) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	THE NONLINEAR QUANTUM MECHANICAL THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
1.	by Pang Xiao Feng
Abstract	The properties of quantum mechanics and its difficulties and problems are discussed, the reasons resulting in these diffuculties and direction of development of quantum mechanics are carefully studied. In practice, quantum mechanics neglects the real motions of the microscopic particles and backgound field as well as the real interactions between them. Therefore it can describe appromately the states of microsco[ic particles. For solving these difficulties of quantum mechanics, we proposed and established a nonlinear quantum mechanics based on the properties of macroscopic quantum effect and theories of superconductivity and superfluidity. In the new theory the elementary principles are proposed, its properties are also investigated. Subsequently, the motion laws and some main properties of microscopic particles in nonlinear quantum systems, includong the wave-particle duality of the solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the stability of microscopic particles described by nonlinear quantum mechanics and the classical rule of microscopic particle motion, are studied using these elementary principles and theories. We obtained a lot of new and interesting results from this investigation, for example, the microscopic particles have really a wave-corpuscle duality in nonlinear quantum mechabics. The microscopic particles are localized due to the nonlinear interaction, have a determinant size, mass, energy and momentum. Thus the microscopic particles have not only a corpuscle but also a wave features, which are completely different from those in quantum mechanics. Hence we conclude that nolinear quantum mechanics is a new physical theory, a correct representation of describing microscopic particles and a necessary result of the development of quantum mechanics, but traditional quantum mechanics is only its an approximation and especial case at the nonlinear interaction to be equal to zero, it can solve the difficulties and problems disputed for about a century by scientists in quantum mechanics field. In the meanwhile, we use the new theory of nonlinear quantum mechanics to study properties of the excitons and phonons in an organic crystry (acetanilide). The results obtained show that the excitons and phonons become as a soliton having a wave-corpuscle duality in this system.Thus the correctness and avialablity of nonlinear quantum mechanics are demontrated using these experiments. We can predict that it has extensive applications in physics, chemistry, biology and polymers, etc.. Finally we state how the difficulties and problems in quantum mechanics are solved by the new theory of nonlinear quantum mechanics. Thus we can affirm from these investigations that the nonlinear quantum mechanics established by us is correct, quantum mechanics is only an appromate theory.

2.	SIMULATION OF THE AIRFLOW INSIDE A HYBRID DRYER
2.	by Cristiana Brasil Maia, André Guimarães Ferreira, Luben Cabezas-Gómez, Sérgio de Morais Hanriot & Tiago de Oliveira Martins
Abstract	Food is the basic comfort and necessity of living beings. The major problem faced by the mankind is the balance of food production and consumption. About 25% of the world food production is lost between the producer and the consumer. The world's food problem could be appeased reducing the food losses that occur mainly due to failures on the production storage and transportation. The food preservation is the only method to reduce food losses and drying is the method that is being adopted since many centuries. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the airflow inside a hybrid solar-electrical dryer, using a commercial CFD package. With prescribed temperatures and velocities, the model predicts the behavior of the airflow inside the device. Numerical results are compared with experimental data.

3.	VIBRATORY ANALYSIS OF A CUTTING TOOL
3.	by Rahou M., Youcef A., Cheikh A. & Sebaa F.
Abstract	The vibration problem of the cutting tools during machining has an important influence on the surface quality and the manufacturing tolerances. In this paper, we presented a modelling of the dynamic behaviour of a cutting tool, the goal is to determine, by the method without mesh of Galerkin, the frequencies and the clean modes of a tool starting from the kinetic energy and the deformation energy. A program, developed in MATLAB, makes it possible automatically to generate the calculation of the frequencies and the clean modes, under various boundary conditions.

4.	ADSORPTION CONSIDERATION OF Ni2+,Fe2+,Cu2+,Cr3+ AND Co2+ BY PHOSPHATE ORE AND IT’S CONCENTRATE FROM SOLUTION IN ISOTERM MODELS
4.	by M. Kargar Razi & S. Yahyaabadi
Abstract	In this investigation, the adsorption behavior of natural phosphate rock and it’s concentrate with respect to Fe³⁺ ،Ni²⁺ ، Co²⁺ ، ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Cu²⁺ و Cr³⁺has been studied, in order to consider its application to purity of electroplating waste water pollution. The batch method has been employed, using metal concentrations in solution ranging from 2-40 ppm with mixing process. The effect of pH, concentration of heavy metals and times (10-20min) is considered. The results of their removal performance in 40 ppm concentration, pH =8 and 10 minutes are obtained as Cr³⁺>‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Cu²⁺> Fe³⁺> Co²⁺> Ni²⁺for phosphate rock and the sequence can be given as Cr³⁺> Fe³⁺> ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Cu²⁺> Co²⁺> Ni²⁺ for phosphate concentrate. It was found that the adsorption phenomena depend on charge density and hydrated ion diameter .The same results show that maximum adsorption in pH=4.5, 7 for concentrate. According that results are accepted electrostatic interaction in adsorption equilibrium. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm constant corresponding to adsorption capacity, were found to be as Cr³⁺> Fe³⁺> ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Cu²⁺> Ni²⁺>Co²⁺for phosphate soil and Cr³⁺> Fe³⁺> ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍Cu²⁺> Co²⁺> Ni²⁺for phosphate concentrate. Sorption of metallic cations are considered in pH 4.5, 7and 8. More ever the q_m (mmol/g) is depended to the initial concentration, adsorption percent and k_d (as distribution constant). These results show that phosphate rock and its concentrate are hold great potential to remove cations heavy metal species from electroplating waste water.

5.	ON-LINE ALGORITHM TO WORKLOAD ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATABASES IN A PARALLEL ENVIRONMENT
5.	by Claudio Gutiérrez-Soto, Eduardo Soto & Angélica Urrutia
Abstract	Spatio-temporal databases have achieved a high attention. Nevertheless, there is a little work on this kind of databases in distributed environment. This paper presents an on-line parallel algorithm to workload using MVR-tree index on the CREW RAM parallel model. The algorithm makes a distribution of the objects that more frequently change either their position or their form. Empirical results compare our strategies with the sequential approximation. Results show an important saving on recovered nodes using parallel computing.

6.	PROTEIN IDENTIFICATION USING FOURIER TRANFORM INFRARED (FTIR)
6.	by Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi, Mayangsari & Mohammad Nasikin
Abstract	The research was conducted to identify the presence of protein by indicating amide groups and measuring its level in food through specific groups of protein using FTIR (Fourier Transformed Infrared) method. The scanning process was conducted on wavenumber 400—4000 cm^-1. The determination of functional group was being done by comparing wavenumber of amide functional groups of the protein samples to existing standard. Protein level was measured by comparing absorbance of protein specific functional groups to absorbance of fatty acid functional groups. Result showed the FTIR spectrums of all samples were on 557-3381 cm^-1 wavenumber range. The amides detected were Amide III, IV, and VI with absorbance between trace until 0.032%. The presence of protein can be detected in samples animal and vegetable cheese, butter, and milk through functional groups of amide III, IV, and VI were on 1240-1265 cm^-1, 713-721 cm^-1, and 551-586 cm^-1 wavenumber respectively . Urine was detected through functional groups of amide III and IV were on 1639 cm^-1 and 719 cm^-1 wavenumber. The protein level of animal cheese, vegetable cheese, butter, and milk were 1.01%, 1.0%, 0.86%, and 1.55% respectively.

7.	HARMONIZATION OF NEMATIC’S FILLED WITH ESTERS THROUGH HYDROGEN BONDING
7.	by Ch. Ravi Shankar Kumar
Abstract	Anisotropic nature with fluidity and its inability to support shear is studied with harmonization between nematics and esters in transformation to layered textures through intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The anisotropy include molecular properties of liquid crystalline materials such as its texture, phase transitions, structure, interactions and index with interrelationships responsible for supramolecular structures. The harmonization behavior is dependent on its chemical intuition that are characterized with numerous techniques like polarizing optical microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and powdered X-ray diffraction. Interestingly the flexibility of nematics with higher energy when filled with esters transform to layered textures due to non covalent interaction with reduced energy on harmonization.

8.	ASSESSMENT OF THE SUITABILITY OF PERIWINKLE SHELL ASH (PSA) AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC) IN CONCRETE
8.	by Festus A. Olutoge, Oriyomi M. Okeyinka & Olatunji S. Olaniyan
Abstract	In developing countries where concrete is widely used, the high and steadily increasing cost of cement has made construction very expensive. This, coupled with the deleterious effect of cement production on the environment has led to studies on various materials termed 'pozzolans' which could be used as partial replacement for cement in concrete. Periwinkle shells were sourced from Warri in Delta State, Nigeria, cleaned and calcined in an electric muffle furnace at 1000^oC and thereafter ground and sieved through BS sieve (75 microns) to fine ash. Preliminary tests comprising sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency, setting time and soundness were conducted on the PSA and Ordinary Portland Cement used in the study. Workability and strength tests were also carried out on fresh and hardened concrete made from the study materials. The results showed that the compaction factor increased with increasing PSA replacement, while the slump decreased with increasing PSA content. The initial and final setting times increased with increasing proportion of PSA. The specific gravity of PSA was less than that of OPC. The compressive strength of concrete specimens decreased as the percentage of PSA increased. Periwinkle shell ash developed good strength in concrete and could be used as a partial replacement for cement if appropriate technology is developed for its proper utilization.

9.	INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SHEET PILE QUAY-WALLS IN ORDER TO REACH PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN CRITERIA FOR THIS TYPE OF WHARF
9.	by Reza Dezvareh, Khosrow Bargi & Yasin Moradi
Abstract	Recent marine structure design codes i.e. PIANC and OCDI suggest performance based design (PBD) of various marine structures including quays. As well, current study concerns modern dynamic analysis technique of Sheet Pile Quay-walls, hoping for its contribution to assessment of quay performance criteria. Current study began with modeling of a conventional sheet pile quay-wall followed by dynamic analysis concerning soil-structure interaction and assessing the IDA curves and summarizing the results and in the end, Mean annual frequency (MAF) investigated.

10.	INTEGRO - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION AND AN ELASTIC PLATE WITH A CURVILINEAR HOLE IN S- PLANE
10.	by M.A. Abdou & F.S. Bayones
Abstract	Complex variable method has been applied to obtain an exact expression for Goursat functions for the stretched infinite plate weakened by a hole having arbitrary shape . The inner of the hole is free from stresses and it is conformally mapped on the are of the right half -plane (s-plane) , Re S > 0. The interesting cases when the infinite plate weakened by a crescent hole or a cut having the shape of a circular arc and hypotrochoidal with three round corners , are included as special cases. Many applications are considered and the program of Maple 7 is used to compute the stress components.

11.	FIXED POINT THEOREM USING COMPATIBILITY OF TYPE (A) AND WEAK COMPATIBILITY IN MENGER SPACE
11.	by Bijendra Singh, Arihant Jain & Javaid Ahmad Shah
Abstract	In this paper, the concept of compatibility of type (A) and weak compatibility in Menger space has been applied to prove a common fixed point theorem for six self maps which generalizes the result of Pant et. al. [8].

12.	INTERFACIAL TENSION OF CRUDE OIL-BRINE SYSTEMS IN THE NIGER DELTA
12.	by Isehunwa S.O. & Olanisebe Olubukola
Abstract	Interfacial tension in crude oil - brine systems is becoming very important with increasing global efforts for increased oil reserves from enhanced oil recovery projects. Interfacial tension has direct impact on multiphase flow and displacement processes in porous media. It also affects the behaviour of oil field emulsions. Most published two-phase flow and displacement processes carried out under different interfacial tension have been performed for either oil-gas or water-gas two-phase systems. This work investigated the effect of salinity, temperature and oil viscosity on the interfacial tension of oil –brine systems from five different Niger Delta reservoirs. The results show that there is a strong relationship between temperature, salinity, oil viscosity and interfacial tension in heavy crude-brine systems (R² ˃ 0.88 and P ˂ 0.05), between temperature, salinity and interfacial tension in light crude-brine systems (R² = 0.91 and P ˂ 0.05), but no conclusive relationship in medium crudes-brine systems.

13.	NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF FREDHOLM-VOLTERRA INTEGRAL EQUATION IN TWO DIMENSONAL SPACE BY USING DISCRETE ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD
13.	by F.A. Hendi & H.O. Bakodah
Abstract	In this paper, discrete Adomian decomposition method (DADM) use to solve two dimensional Fredholm-Volterra integral equations. This method arises when the quadrature rules are used to approximate the integrals which cannot be computed analytically. Finally, some concrete examples are given to illustrate the validity of the method.

14.	DEVELOPMENT OF A COST EFFECTIVE WIND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW
14.	by R.N. Chaubey & R.K. Saket
Abstract	This paper presents an overview on development of cost effective wind power generation system. This work motivates for development of a model for hybrid system to investigate the combined operation of wind’s stochastic nature for imbalance minimization and optimal operation. Development of model for trading power in competitive electricity market and development of strategies for trading in electricity markets (wind energy and reserves markets) to investigate the effects of real time pricing tariffs on electricity market operation has been illustrated in this paper. Dynamic modelling related studies to investigate the wind generator’s kinetic energy for primary frequency support using simulink and simulation studies on doubly fed induction generator to study its capability during small disturbances / fluctuations on power system have been described.

15.	FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR SETVALUED MAPPINGS SATISFYING AN IMPLICIT RELATION IN INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY METRIC SPACE
15.	by Anil Rajput, Rajamani S., Namrata Tripathi, Archana Jain & Deepratna Masulkar
Abstract	In this paper, we give a common fixed point theorem for setvalued mappings with intuitionistic fuzzy metric space.

16.	ANIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR 3D THAI TRADITIONAL GAME
16.	by Anuchitoran Peerapak, Supamark Sasithorn & Adsavakulchai Suwannee
Abstract	Currently, Thai Traditional playing is almost disappearing. Thus, the main objective of this study is to conserve the Thai Traditional playing for the next generation to learn Thai Traditional playing online. Three-Dimensional Thai Traditional Game is the one of activities that is very beneficial in term of an entertainment and learning. The programming development of this game based on Macromedia flash and Interactive 3D games using Dark Professinal Basic. The number of players is only one player or more that is based on the type of playing. 37 students about 84.3% who play this game are very satisfaction. It can be concluded that the technology can apply for conserve the Thai Traditional playing sustainability.

17.	GEOELECTRIC EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL IN THE SEDIMENTARY REGION OF ABAVO, DELTA STATE AND URHONIGBE, EDO STATE, NIGERIA
17.	by Egbai J.C.
Abstract	Geoelectrical survey using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was carried out at Abavo, Delta State and Urhonigbe, Edo State in order to determine the groundwater potentials of the areas and the lithological settings in terms of aquifer distribution. The Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted with a maximum current electrode separation of 1.2km. A total of 12 VES, 6 each for the two communities distributed in 12 different locations were carried out. The data was interpreted by computer aided iteration techniques where the geoelectric model parameters and curves were obtained. The result of the interpretation shows three to six distinct geoelectric layers namely, topsoil, laterite, clayey sand, clay, sand and white gravel as the case may be. Locations 1, 2 and 4 at Abavo have very good aquifers with thickness 19.1m, 130.0m and 24.4m respectively while for Urhonigbe, locations 9 and 11 have very good aquifers having thickness of 54.8m and 18.8m respectively. In case of sitting boreholes, these five locations are recommended in the two communities. Some boreholes drilled within these locations correlate very well with VES result.

18.	INFERENCE AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING FROM METHODS OF PARAMETERS ESTIMATION
18.	by Oseni B.A. & Oyenuga I.F.
Abstract	In this paper, we present the general problem of statistics, that of making inferences and parameters estimation. Inferences are drawn based on two classical methods of estimations namely, moment method and maximum likelihood estimation. Inferences are drawn from theoretical and numerical examples when population variances are known.

In this paper, we give a common fixed point theorem for setvalued mappings with intuitionistic fuzzy metric space.