International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 12, Issue 1(July 2012)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 12, Issue 1 (July, 2012) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION AND PROJECTIVE DISLOCATED LAG SYNCHRONIZATION OF LIU CHAOTIC SYSTEM VIA ADAPTIVE CONTROL
1.	by Yanfei Chen & Zhen Jia
Abstract	A new type of chaos synchronization, projective dislocated lag synchronization, is investigated of Liu chaotic system under the framework of response system with five uncertain parameters. Based on adaptive technique, the projective dislocated lag synchronization of Liu chaotic system is achieved by designing a novel nonlinear controller. Furthermore, the parameters identification is realized simultaneously. The conclusion is proved by Lyapunov stability theory and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Finally, the numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

2.	CHIRAL WAVES IN GRAPHENE TUNNELING
2.	by H. Torres-Silva & D. Torres Cabezas
Abstract	We calculate the influence of the chiral radiation on the chiral tunneling in graphene by using the finite- difference time-domain method (FDTD). We find that perfect tunneling can be strongly suppressed by the optically induced band mixing, even at large detuning. These properties might be useful in device applications, such as the fabrication of an optically controlled field-effect transistor that has ultrafast switching times and low power consumption.

3.	STRENGTH PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE CONTAINING INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS SUPPLEMENTARY CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL (SCM)
3.	by Felix F. Udoeyo, Serrano Sergio, Anika Weathers, Bilal Khan, Yan Gao & Steven Selkregg
Abstract	This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the strength and behavior of concrete containing blast furnace slag (BFS) and coal fly ash (CFA) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Test results of the study show that the designed strength was exceeded and that the ductility ratio and the safety margin against brittle failure of concrete containing these industrial by-products were comparable to those of the reference concrete (normal ordinary Portland cement concrete), proving the feasibility of using the waste materials as alternative construction materials.

4.	CHARACTERISTICS OF KENAF FIBER-REINFORCED MORTAR COMPOSITES
4.	by Felix F. Udoeyo & Olajire A. Adetifa
Abstract	Water- retted Kenaf fibers were used as reinforcement in mortar composites of size, 650 mm × 450 mm × 8 mm. Three fiber contents (0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %) and four fiber lengths (20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm) were considered in the study. Physical and mechanical characteristics of the composites were evaluated according to ASTM and other appropriate standards. The results of the experimental program showed that although the bending capacity ofkenaf fiber-reinforced mortar sheet decreased with increase in fiber content, the flexural toughness and the impact resistance of the composite were enhanced with higher content of the fiber, compared with the control composites (composite without fiber). The water absorption and the fire resistance of the composite were also observed to be within acceptable limits specified by relevant standards.

5.	FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS DESIGNED ON A MATRIX APPROACH TO SYSTEM DESIGNING
5.	by Dušan Mežnar
Abstract	In this form the standard functional analysis is extended and the first time used in the concept analysis of the vehicle. The matrix form is used to analyse the function of the system by the value matrix, matrix of cost/benefit, matrix of repaire time, and matrix of supportability index. An earlier phase of concept vehicle definition allowed to the designer-analyst quickly and easily establishing and defining relation between the selection structure and performaces, costs and rangs importances of installed components, reliability and cost of repare time, logistic supportability,...Extended functional analysis could be the way of defining critical structure that do not be impediment project specification of the vehicle.

6.	ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) – MAIN INDICATOR IN MEASURING THE VALUE CREATION OF THE TARGET CORPORATION INC
6.	by Sirbu Alexei
Abstract	Value Based Management (VBM) is a business philosophy that focuses on maximizing long-term shareholder wealth by increasing a company’s value … VBM cultivates ownership accountability across all levels of an organization, motivating managers and employees to think, act, and get paid like owners. Employees are required to meet or exceed shareholders' expectations by improving the company’s Economic Profit or Economic Value Added VBM propose the instruments who measuring the performance at different levels of organization: both the level and enterprise level project and contributing to good communication within the enterprise. This article present an analysis of the principal indicator: EVA, the based methods of calculation, shaping their advantages and disadvantages and exemplifying comparing a series of measurements of the enterprise value created on the basis of financial data at the bigger American company in retail sales - Target Corporation Inc.

7.	ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL CONTAMINATION WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE FOR RADIATION WORKERS TWO-CASE STUDIES
7.	by N.E. Khaled
Abstract	For the purpose of occupational radiation protection against ionizing radiation, it is important to assess radiation risks due to any contamination events. Effective dose equivalent and body organs dose of workers exposed to ¹³¹I have been estimated in this work. For this sake, both MONDAL 2.0 software and Visual Monte Carlo-dose calculation (VMC-dc) programs were applied. The cases under consideration are: 1) an overexposure of ¹³¹I to ten radiation workers. This event happened during a maintenance period at a Korean nuclear power plant (NPP) where I-131 has been released to the reactor building from a primary system opening[1]. 2) The second event has been occurred in a chemical laboratory responsible for the production of radio-iodine ¹³¹I. A release of the radioisotope in the laboratory air has lead to over exposure to one of the workers [2]. In both cases measurement of radiation activity took place with the use of different techniques where no measurements or estimation for organ doses were performed meanwhile.

8.	AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CUP SAND SUSPENSION FOR AUTOMOBILES
8.	by R. Harikrishnan, M. Jaivignesh & B. VijayaRamnath
Abstract	Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose – contributing to the vehicle’s road holding / handling and braking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps and vibrations, etc. At present, coil and leaf type suspensions are used in automobiles. This paper proposes design and fabricationof a suspension called ‘cup sand suspension. In all suspension systems damper is used which acts as a major shock absorber. Generally in automobile suspensions gas or oil is used as damper medium butcup suspension developed in this paper uses fine grains of sand which is a natural damper and it is a low cost best damper too. The suspensions used in automobiles are only compression suspensions but the cup suspension is provided with both compression and expansion action. Possibility of leakage is comparatively less as sand is used as the damper medium. Failure due to the sudden application of load(Buckling) is avoided. Both compression and expansion of springs takes place. Manufacturing cost is less and maintenance cost is less sand is readily and easily available.

9.	EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN SOMATIC CELL COUNT ON CHEESE YIELD ON THE STARA PLANINA IN SERBIA
9.	by Dragana Pešic Mikulec, Milan P.Petrovic & Emilya Raycheva
Abstract	Milk somatic cell count is a constant topic of discussion within the dairy industry. It can be a complex and confusing issue, yet it is important that dairy producers understand the importance of somatic cell counts and the relationships between cell counts and other factors. Somatic cell counts have legal, animal health, milk quality and productivity implications and each is important. Years of study of this topic have provided scientists a good understanding of the infection process and the normal body response. The influence of variation in milk composition, SCC, psychotropic bacteria count and chemical composition of milk were investigated. Milk was collected from a group of 10 to 15 cows at a single milking and separately from each cow, cooled at 4 °C and a SCC was determined for milk from each cow with microscopic methods. The SCC of the combined milk on day first was detected. During the manufactured of cheese whey titratable acidity and curd pH were examined. Standard plate and psychrotrophic bacteria count were determined for each batch of raw milk used for cheese making. Variation in milk composition and milk SCC caused changes in the coagulation time of milk. The somatic cell count of milk (SCC), which increases dramatically in mastitis, is also known to influence the ripening and quality of cheese, due to greatly elevated levels of plasmid and lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain hydrolase enzymes - derived proteolytic enzymes.

10.	EFFECTS OF THE SECONDARY MINERALS ON THE POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY OF CALCINED CLAY: CASE OF QUARTZ
10.	by Wafa Mechti, Thameur Mnif, Basma Samet & Med Jamel Rouis
Abstract	This study aims to document the potential effect of quartz as a secondary mineral on the pozzolanic activity of local kaolinitic clay (from the region of Tabarka, Tunisia ). Purification of clay was carried out using the centrifugation process in order to decrease the rate of secondary minerals. Our research was based on two samples: a crude sample and a centrifuged one, and both of them were characterized by several methods. The pozzolanic activity of the two samples was evaluated by compressive strength measurements in mortars containing calcined clays, lime and sand.. In addition, the identification of the hydrated phases in pastes was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The comparison between crude and centrifuged samples through this analysis associated with laser granulometry showed that the presence of quartz with particle size lower than 20 μm contributed to the pozzolanic reaction: the pozzolanic activity of the crude sample with high content of quartz was higher than that of the centrifuged sample. The results of the last part of the paper proved the pozzolanic reactivity of crystallized quartz with fineness 20µm, the introduction of 10% of grinding quartz as Portland cement replacement improved the cement paste compactness by increasing compressive strength and hydration.

11.	OPTICAL PLASTICS FROM ACRYLATES & CINNAMATES; INCORPORATION OF BARIUM FOR IMPROVED PROPERTIES
11.	by Gunjan Suri, Pranshu Chhabra Kapoor, Ruchi Gupta, Geetha Seshadri & Rakesh Kumar Khandal
Abstract	An attempt has been made to transform a basic material like acrylic acid into a highly valuable optical plastic. Three methodologies have been adopted in order to prepare barium-containing nanocomposites using acrylic acid and cinnamic acid. Barium hydroxide was found to be the most suitable compound to be incorporated in acrylic acid matrix to produce optical plastic of desired properties. Gamma radiation has been used as a novel technology for polymerization. In order to achieve the mechanical as well as other related properties, certain monomers were also used along with the cross-linkers. The nanocomposites obtained have successfully resulted in better optical properties than the conventional material, i.e., high refractive index of 1.53-1.56. Evaluation of the nanocomposites has been carried out with respect to key optical properties such as refractive index, Abbe number, transmittance, etc. Thermal stability and physico-mechanical properties have been studied and compared with the conventional optical plastic material. The interactions between barium hydroxide and acrylic acid have been studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Overall, this paper emphasizes on the development of high refractive index barium-containing nanocomposites for optical applications.

12.	INTENSIVE CARE UNITS OF JOÃO PESSOA’S HOSPITAL, BRAZIL: WORK CAPABILITY OF THE NURSES
12.	by Luiz da Silva, Rawlla Aversari, Santhiago Montenegro, Ulisses dos Anjos, Eufrásio Lima Neto, Priscila Vasconcelos, Elaine Soares & Roberta Santos
Abstract	The ICU is considered the most aggressive sector of the Hospital Unit, which has a stressful environment, it happens because the professionals are faced with many emergency situations. This situation associated with some personal, occupational and environmental factors interfere with the work ability of the nurses. From the descriptive analysis and the modeling multinomial ordinal logistic regression, for significance level α = 0.05, it was found that stability, upgrading formational, balmy workload and controllable thermo physical conditions in ICUs may increase the working ability of the nurses.

13.	CORRELATES OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF NEPAL
13.	by R. Kayastha, P.R. Adhikary & V. Krishnamurthy
Abstract	This research work is an exploratory study of occupational stress among executive officers of Nepal. The main objective of the study was to find out the significance relationship between the occupational stressors among executive officers of Nepal. Scores on the stress scale using a t-test of significance between correlated means. The results showed that among executive officers of Nepal do experience stress from work.

14.	SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF SOME DIALKYL ALKYLPHOSPHONATES AND DIALKYL PHENYLPHOSPHONATES
14.	F.E. Adelowo
Abstract	Some dialkyl alkylphosphonates and dialkyl phenylphosphonates were synthesized by the reactions between trialkyl phosphite and alkyl/aryl halide in the presence of benzene. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), fourier –transform infrared, (¹H, ¹³C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. In vitro fungicidal activity of the synthesized compounds against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporium, Rhizopus stolonifer, Leveillula taurica and Peronospora tabacina showed that they were fungicidal. The ‘Minimum Inhibitory Concentration’ (MIC) of the synthesized compounds ranged between 1000ppm and 5ppm. While their ‘Inhibitory Concentration at 50% inhibition’ (IC₅₀) ranged between 500ppm and 2ppm. These results showed that the fungicidal activity of the synthesized phosphonates varied from one compound to another. Based on the results obtained from the in-vitro screening, the four most active synthesized compounds (diethyl ethylphosphonate, diisopropyl ethylphosphonate, diethyl p-hydroxyphenylphosphonate and diethyl p-methoxyphenylphosphonate) were subjected to in-vivo screening. The results of the in-vivo screening showed that diethyl p-methoxyphenyl phosphonate gave the highest fungicidal activity against powedery mildew. All the compounds subjected to in-vivo screening were phytotoxic at a concentration greater than 50ppm.

15.	APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS FOR THE ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS ROCKS FROM AREAS AROUND DEBRE BIRHAN CITY, ETHIOPIA
15.	by Awoke Taddesse Hailu, A.K. Chaubey, Dilbetigile Assefa Mamo & Asres Yehunie Hibstie
Abstract	Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) using high resolution γ-ray spectrometry was used to determine the elemental concentrations in rocks collected from areas around Debre Birhan City, Ethiopia . Corrections are made for neutron self shielding and for gamma photon mass absorption of the sample. For establishing the provenance (same or different origin) of the rock samples, Mn to Er concentration ratio as well as statistical cluster analysis was used using SPSS.20 statistical program. For the cluster analysis, concentration values of selected nine elements namely Mn, Na,Cd, Dy, Er, Ge, In, Se, and Sm were used. From these analyses, it was observed that the rock samples studied belong to three different groups.

16.	DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI AC/DC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC AND LABORATORY USE
16.	by Adejumobi I. A., Olanipekun A. J., Adebisi O. I. & Adetomi A.A.
Abstract	With today’s technological advancement, new miniaturized electrical and electronic products continue to emerge and these products require either a very low AC source or DC source for their operation. Many of the existing power supply devices with various levels of complexities and sophistication can only give a single DC output which cannot serve the same purpose when a very low AC power output is greatly desired. Hence, the need for designing and developing a multi-output power supply that can serve a dual purpose of providing DC and AC outputs of different values for use in miniaturized electrical and electronic appliances as well as for various domestic and laboratory experimental purposes. In this work, a simple, cost effective and reliable power supply that produces AC outputs of 5V, 10V, 15V, 20V and 25V, variable DC outputs of 0-20V, regulated DC output of 5V and regulated dual DC outputs of 15V was developed. The system consists of two sections; AC and DC with DC section comprising three segmental subsections. A centre tapped transformer 220/30V (15V-0-15V) was constructed to produce the desired AC voltage range 0-30V at interval of 5V, For the DC section, 25V, 20V and 15V from the output of the transformer were rectified, smoothened and regulated using appropriate discrete components. The major components used include transistors, comparator LM393 and regulators LM317, LM7915 and LM7815. Short circuit test, open circuit test and earthing test were carried out on the developed power supply unit. The output measurements showed that the power supply was functional and the measured values gave minima variation from the nominal designed values. The developed multi output power supply is much useful in measurements, laboratory works and general applications requiring power supply.

17.	A VOICE-CONTROLLED AUDIO AMPLIFIER UTILIZING A FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR AS A CONTROL ELEMENT
17.	by Jonathan A. Enokela & Jonathan U. Agb
Abstract	Many situations arise in the use of public address systems which require the amplification of a signal from one source and the simultaneous attenuation of another signal. A system of this nature which uses a field effect transistor that operates in the voltage variable resistance mode to automatically control the volume of the unwanted signal is described in this work. A significant advantage of the system over the traditional hand operated control method is the fact that the attenuated signal is automatically restored to its original level at the cessation of the control signal. The utilization of the field effect transistor for control in the circuit achieves a 27 dB attenuation of the unwanted signal.

18.	IDENTIFICATION OF THE FACTORS THAT AFFECT IN CHOOSING THEUNIVERSITY RESEARCH COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGIES
18.	by Mohammad Reza Meigounpoory & Behshad Ahmadi
Abstract	One of the most important goals of science and technology policy makers is how universities can differently effect on the new product development processes and having successful commercial outcomes for creating value. In the current competitive world, the university research commercialization process is remembered as one of the important factor in the technological innovation process and effective factors in development of knowledge economy. Appropriate choice of university commercialization strategy has a large impact on the successful university researches commercialization. Identification of the Factors that affect in choosing the university research commercialization strategies is the most efficient part of university research commercialization process. The effective Factors of university research commercialization strategies are identified in this article. Research method of this paper is mixed method. Using the snowball method for qualitative part, deep interview was done by experienced university managers, teachers and science and technology policy makers. The interviews continued up to theoretical saturation and quantitative questionnaires were distributed among the experts. The results was shown that the effective factors select the university research commercialization strategies consist of organizational, environmental, personal and institutional, and technological factors.

19.	THE EXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS of SEMI-POSITONE 3×3 SYSTEMS
19.	by Ahmed Omer Mohammed Abubaker
Abstract	In this paper, we consider the existence of positive solutions of the Semi-Positone Systems.

20.	RANDOM FIXED POINT THEOREMS OF RANDOM MULTIVALUED OPERATORS ON POLISH SPACE
20.	by Aobid Hussain Khanday, Arihant Jain & V.H. Badshah
Abstract	In the present paper, we prove the existence of a common random fixed point of two random multivalued generalized contractions by using functional expressions.

21.	NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR DECODING REDUNDANT RESIDUE NUMBER SYSTEMS (RRNS) CODES
21.	by Amusa K.A. & Nwoye E.O.
Abstract	Error control is one major challenge of data transmission through modern digital systems. A number of error control schemes have been employed to address this challenge in order to facilitate efficient and reliable data transmission through digital systems. This paper however, presents an improved method for error correction usingRedundant Residue Number System (RRNS)codes. RRNS codes are maximum-minimum distance block codes with widerapplication in the area of signal processing such as self-checking in arithmetic units, error control in digital processors and data transmission. The proposed method is premised on modulus projection approach. The proposed algorithm considerably reduces the computation overhead for RRNS codesdecodingbecause it employed hybrid method in integer recovery process.

In this paper, we consider the existence of positive solutions of the Semi-Positone Systems.