International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 18, Issue 2(February 2014)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 18, Issue 2(February, 2014) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	CHRONOLOGY OF ERECTION OF THE EARLIEST REINFORCED CONCRETE SHELLS
1.	by S.N. Krivoshapko, Christian A. Bock Hyeng & I.A. Mamieva
Abstract	The subject of the review paper associates with today’s renewed interest in thin shells. The wide-spread building of thin reinforced concrete shells ended abruptly at the end of the 1960s. Contemporary progress in numerical methods of analysis gives an opportunity to calculate the shells of non-canonical forms. It allows the engineer to closely approach the actual behavior of thin concrete shells by performing geometrically and physically nonlinear analyses. But well-educated engineer and architect must know the history of thin shells for better analyzing, designing, and constructing of them at present time. The paper presents well-known examples on early reinforced concrete shells and gives materials not containing in other publications. The paper contains 31 figures.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

2.	COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE DIFFERENT ADSORBENT-ADSORBATE WORKING PAIRS FOR A WASTE HEAT DRIVEN ADSORPTION AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM BASED ON SIMULATION
2.	by H.R. Ramji, S.L. Leo, I.A.W. Tan & M.O. Abdullah
Abstract	In a previous study, a laboratory prototype of a thermal-driven adsorption air conditioning system employing activated carbon as adsorbent and methanol as the refrigerant was successfully developed. The experimental results employing the prototype obtained a COP of 0.19 and cooling capacity Q of around 320 kJ. The cooling power P yielded ~ 0.64 kW and it was able to produce chilled air temperature T_chill,outof around 22 °C. In the present study, further works are conducted via simulation to carry out “what-if” analysis viz. to determine the optimal adsorbent-adsorbate working pair based on the prototype. Three types of refrigerants, coupled with activated carbon, were considered in this study, namely (1) methanol (similar to the experimental works); (2) ammonia; and (3) water. The simulation results obtained showed that activated carbon-water pair produced the best cooling compared to activated carbon-methanol and activated carbon-ammonia working pairs, as far as present study is concerned. The methanol and ammonia showed a COP of 0.37 and 0.4, respectively. The average T_chill,out produced by methanol was around 15 °C while the temperature produced by ammonia was slightly higher around 19 °C. The cooling capacity P for methanol and ammonia showed a value of 0.65 kW and 0.50 kW, respectively. Activated carbon-water pair simulated to yield a higher COP of 0.58 with Q at 480 kJ mainly due to high heat of evaporation, which was able to produce average T_chill,out of 12 °C with cooling power of approximately 1 kW.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

3.	NEW ARITHMETIC AVERAGE TECHNIQUE TO SOLVE MULTI-OBJECTIVE LINEAR FRACTIONAL PROGRAMMING PROBLEM AND IT IS COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES
3.	by Nejmaddin A. Sulaiman, Gulnar W. Sadiq & Basiya K. Abdulrahim
Abstract	In this paper we used a new transformation technique for solving multi-objective linear fractional programming problem (MOLFPP) to single-Objective linear fractional programming problem (SOLFPP), through a new method using arithmetic average and new arithmetic average technique, and then solve the problem by modified simplex method [5]. The obtain results are compared with that of modified methods in ([9], [10]).
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

4.	NEW EXACT SOLUTIONS OF SOME NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS VIA THE IMPROVED EXP-FUNCTION METHOD
4.	by M.F. El-Sabbagh, R. Zait and R.M. Abdelazeem
Abstract	In this paper, we establish new exact solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of interest such as the Kaup–Kupershmidt, the generalized shallow water, the Boussinesq equations via the improved Exp–function method. Also the method is used to construct periodic and solitary wave solutions for the considered equations as well.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

5.	MONITORING THE PROCESSING STEPS OF Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 NANO POWDERS BY FTIR TECHNIQUE
5.	by M.R. Benam
Abstract	Lead Zirconate-Titanate [(Pb (Zr_x ,Ti_1-x)O₃ ) or PZT] with x= 0.52 was prepared by sol-gel method in which acetic acid acts as solvent and chelating agent. With no need to reflux, a homogeneous and clear sol in air was prepared in a short period of time. Aging and gelation was achieved by heating the sol at 100 °C for 24 hours. The pyrolysis was performed at 400 °C for 30 min and the calcination process was done at 650 °C and 850 Cº. In all the heating steps, fourier transform infarared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used in order to monitor the trace of the organic solvent and to find the proper temperatures for all pyrolysis and calcination processes. The FTIR data showed that 400 °C and 650 °C are proper temperatures for pyrolysis and calcination steps, respectively. X ray diffraction (XRD) spectrums show that the perovskite structure of PZT has been achieved at 650 °C and the size of nano crystallite has been increased with increasing the calcination temperature. The results of XRD pattern were in good agreement with the result of FTIR.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

6.	A NOVEL SYSTEM TO CLASSIFY RISK FACTORS TO PREDICT OUTCOMES AFTER SURGERY USING FUZZY METHODS
6.	by Mahyar Taghizadeh Nouei, Ali Vahidian Kamyad & Somayeh Ghazalbash
Abstract	The aim of this study is to develop a system to recognize most important risk factors which can help to predict outcomes such as mortality or morbidity before performing the specific surgery by the integration a standard assessment checklist based on theoretical considerations and methodological aspects to evaluate the study quality of each publication, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to order the risk factors, and fuzzy c-means clustering in order to classification. A fundamental idea of this study for applying FAHP was to consider scoring systems as experts to decision making and use of triangular fuzzy number (TFNs) to represent pairwise comparison of odd ratios in order to capture the vagueness. To illustrate the system implementation, the information of scoring systems developed to predict early mortality after CABG (Coronary artery bypass graft) is considered as input and the reasonable results are concluded. This implementation demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed system.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

7.	PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT-POOR CONCRETE WITH DIFFERENT SUPERPLASTICIZERS
7.	by Mohammed Hatem Mohammed & Roland Pusch, Sven Knutsson & Jan-Erik Jonasson
Abstract	Concrete can be used for casting plugs in deep boreholes where fracture zones are intersected. They will be exposed to flowing groundwater and be in contact with very tight seals of smectite clay installed where the surrounding rock is tight. The cast concrete must be able to carry the clay segments placed over it after a few days. Its bearing capacity does not have to be very high after that since the clay soon adheres to the rock and carries itself. The concrete must be poor in cement for minimizing the risk of creation of voids caused by dissolution of the cement and it should have “inert” aggregate of quartz-rich material. Inorganic superplasticizers instead of conventional organic ones should be used for eliminating the risk of degradation and loss by formation of colloids that can carry radionuclides to the biosphere from holes bored in repository rock. The two concrete types discussed in the present study had Portland and Merit 5000 low pH cement as binders and crushed quartzite as aggregate. Talc mineral powder and ordinary organic Glenium 51 were used as superplasticizers for comparing their impact on the physical properties. The matrix of the cement-poor talc concrete gave ductile behaviour during initial hardening. The very dense matrix of either of the concretes would not lead to compression of the system even after complete loss of cement, which will happen over a longer period of time. The overall conclusion was that talc as superplasticizer and conditioner of the concrete can make the concrete sufficiently fluid for constructing seals at depth in boreholes, and react with cement to provide high strength with some delay. pH is much lower in Merit than in Portland concrete, which causes less impact on the clay seals. Portland concrete has five times higher strength than Merit concrete after a week but three times lower strength after 28 days.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

8.	PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES AND REPRODUCTION IN THE SEA URCHIN Paracentrotus .lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Echinodermata Echinoïdae IN THE WEST COAST OF ALGERIA
8.	by Lila Belkhedim, Saliha Dermeche, Fayçal Chahrour & Zitouni Boutiba
Abstract	Our study focuses firstly on the comparison of changes in physiological indices in this invertebrate species living in two different habitats, one being in Ain Franin, an environment rich in photophilous, presence of algae and Posidonia oceanica magnoliophyte and the other in the bay of Oran considered a polluted area, rocky and poor food intake. This is followed by a histological study that allows us to see the evolution of germ cell and tissue reserves and to define the stages of sexual maturity, as well as examining the influence of temperature, salinity, pH on the phenomenon of spawning in this echinoid.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

9.	PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF MULTI-ROBOTS SEARCH
9.	by Mohammad Al khawaldah & Ibrahim Al-Adwan
Abstract	In this paper, the problem of searching for a target by a team of mobile homogenous robots (searchers) is intensively investigated. The search problem is treated as an exploration problem where a group of homogenous robots (searchers) explore their environment until finding the target. A bidding function is used to guide the searchers during the search mission in order to find the target. The aim is to achieve balanced distribution of the searchers over the environment to quickly find the target. Each robot autonomously searches for the target and they are encouraged not to explore an already searched area. Thousands of exploration runs were conducted to tune (optimize) the bidding function for better results.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

10.	ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NODULE BACTERIA FROM MUNGBEAN AND INVESTIGATION ITS TO DROUGHT WATER STRESS ON SOYBEAN PLANT
10.	by Nur Amin
Abstract	Among the environmental stress factors the most widely limiting for crop production on a global basis is water. Water stress has been found to decrease productivity of most plant particularly soybean. The aims of the study are isolation and propagation of nodule bacteria from root of mungbean by using YEMA media, characterization of nodule bacteria by using YEMA + Congored and the investigation of drought water treatment. The result indicated that nodule bacteria from root of mungbean do not absorbs red colour on YEMA medium and the coloni white cloudy like milk and the form is spherical colonies with a convex surface. Characterization showed as Rhizobium sp. The investigation of drought water stress indicated that, there are significant difference on the treatment of 50 ml water/1000 g soil of drought water stress toward the growth i.e. plant hight, number of leaves and nodule formation on soybean plant.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014

11.	CONVERGENCE THEOREMS OF ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SYSTEM OF NONCONVEX VARIATIONAL INEQUALITIES
11.	by Issara Inchan
Abstract	In this paper, we suggest and analyze some iterative methods for solving the system of nonconvex variational inequalities with two nonlinear mappings by using the projection technique. We show that the strong convergence of these iterative methods to the solutions of the system of nonconvex variational inequalities. Consequently, the results presented in this paper can be viewed as an improvement and refinement of some known results from the literature.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences February 2014-- Vol. 18 Issue 2 -- 2014