International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 21, Issue 3(December 2014)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 21, Issue 3(December, 2014) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	X-RAY ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE ON THE CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE OF ZnO THIN FILMS GROW BY RF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
1.	by Roger Ondo-Ndong, Hugues Martial Omanda, Arsène Eya’a Mvongbote, Alain Giani & Alain Foucaran
Abstract	ZnO thin films were prepared on Si (100) substrates by RF sputtering. The crystalline property of the films were observed to vary with the substrate temperature used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement showed that the substrate temperature ZnO films exhibited preferred c-axis oriented (002) of below 0.32° full width at half maximum of X-ray rocking curves, an extremely high resistivity of 10¹⁰ Ω.cm and an energy gap of 3.3 eV at room temperature. It was found that a substrate temperature of 100°C and target/substrate distance about 50 mm, very low gas pressures of 3.35x10^-3 Torr in argon and oxygen mixed gas atmosphere giving to ZnO thin films a good homogeneity and a high crystallinity.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences December 2014-- Vol. 21 Issue 3 -- 2014

2.	ANALYSIS OF THE FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF GUPPY (Poecilia reticulata) IN RELATION TO ITS USE AS A BIOLOGICAL METHOD FOR THE ENIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITO LARVAE
2.	by Olushola M. Awoyemi, Patricia N. Uwafili, Joshua I. Izegaegbe & Omowunmi P. Fadeyi
Abstract	Guppy has been introduced widely for mosquito control and little is known about its foraging behavior and efficacy in relation to the control of mosquito larvae. This study investigated the foraging behavior of guppy in relation to its use as a biological control method of mosquito larvae under varying conditions of prey types, the physicochemical condition of the habitat and also the social context in which they are foraging. Guppies were exposed to mosquito larvae of Culex and Anopheles under varying conditions which included foraging alone, female focal singly and male focal singly, alongside male and/or female conspecifics in laboratory and field water samples. The study showed that female guppy fed significantly more than the male guppy both in the presence and absence of companions, the guppies’ higher preference for Culex to Anopheles larvae was significant at p<0.05 and their foraging behavior was better in the laboratory water as compared to their habitat water. These results suggest that the preference and the foraging behavior of the guppies varied with social and environmental conditions which may be as a result of varying social conditions and the relative differences in the physicochemical quality of the media. It is apparent that the sex of the forager, the social environment, habitat quality and complexity are each capable of affecting foraging behavior and prey use, therefore these factors should be integrated when introducing guppies as biological agent for mosquito control.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences December 2014-- Vol. 21 Issue 3 -- 2014

3.	DISTRIBUTION OF EFFECTIVE STRESS IN COMPACTION OF EARTH DAMS DUE TO THE THREE-SIDED IMPACT ROLLER AND COMPARING WITH FOUR-SIDED ROLLER FIELD DATA
3.	by Ebrahim Nohani & Heshmatolah Mirzaei
Abstract	Dynamic compaction with roller is a suitable technique for compact thick layers of soil in embankment dams to prevent and reduce infiltration, piping, water emission lines displacement and improving their performance. Impact rollers due to their benefits are widely used in industry of improving soil engineering. They have a variety of shapes including 3-, 4-, 5- and 8-sided. This study examines the effects of 3-sided impact roller on the distribution of effective stress in the thick layers of the soils used in the construction of embankment dams. Finite elements method was used for analyzing and ABAQUS software for simulation of process of compaction. Results showed that the maximum stress occurred at impact of roller and effective stress changes in soil depth reduced and reached a constant value.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences December 2014-- Vol. 21 Issue 3 -- 2014

4.	GM(2,1) RECURSIVE MODEL BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
4.	by Zhao Long, Xia Long & Ping Liao
Abstract	Firstly, aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional GM (2, 1) model, to build a new GM (2, 1) model on the basis of the optimize background values. Secondly, from the grey equation of the model to deduce the recursive prediction expressions .Lastly, to introduce the particle swarm optimization algorithm and using GM(2,1) recursive model as objective function to identify the model parameters. Thus the new outcome effectively avoids the jump error. The error caused by the difference equation solving the parameters, and takes it into the time response type of differential equation. Finally, the proposed model is confirmed to have higher accuracy by examples.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences December 2014-- Vol. 21 Issue 3 -- 2014

5.	E-BANKING ANALYSIS AND ITS ROLE IN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND ATTRACTION
5.	by Seyed Hesamedin Hedayatzadeh, Reza Seddighi Chaharborj & Soleyman Zeynali
Abstract	Electronic banking (e-banking) is a tool whose appropriate, accurate and timely utilization can lead to a successful performance in a competitive world. In other words, expanding e-banking should be considered for realizing customer orientation and customer satisfaction. However, when different types of e-banking services are provided but their quality is not acceptable, not only the customers would not be satisfied but they would be complaining about them. Considering the fact that all the organizations are seeking to attract new customers and improve their satisfaction, this issue is a critical one particularly in banks since they have a constant contact with the customers. On the other hand, the competition among banks and loan institutions as well as other financial supplies is increasing. Hence, realizing a competitive advantage seems essential for the survival of the banks. Modern banking services, which are closely related to information and communication technology, are among the most important factors in realizing competitive advantage for the banks and attracting new customers and increasing their satisfaction. In this study, using the field research method, we investigate the relationship between the usage of electronic services and satisfaction as well as attracting new customers in different branches of Eqtesade Novin Bank in Urmia.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences December 2014-- Vol. 21 Issue 3 -- 2014