International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences. Volume 23, Issue 3(June 2015)

	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences ISSN: 2076-734X, EISSN: 2076-7366 Volume 23, Issue 3(June, 2015) To read and print the PDF files of the Journal Archive you will need to have Acrobat Reader If you have any technical or content problems contact : publisher@arpapress.com
1.	DERIVE A NEW MARKUP LANGUAGE FROM THE EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE (XML) FOR SUPPORTING ELECTRIC ENGINEERING
1.	by Areej Yousef Abu Hadbah & Hebah H.O. Nasereddin
Abstract	This paper aims to derive a new markup language from xml. These languages presented to the electric engineering area to help in drawing online electric circuit. all symbols and elements of electric engineering was derived along with supporting this language with a web application for drawing electric circuits via a web page without the need for drawing programmers-depending on the derived language containing engineering symbols. The drawn circuits using this application is easily-modified compared to circuit drawn using engineering programmers. Browsers (searching engines) can extract data from the circuit through the web since it is transformed in text format not an image format. Besides, drawing in this application is done within the environment of (SVG), a technology used to specify drawings instead of displaying them in pixel format.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015

2.	DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A LOW COST ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
2.	by Wara Samuel T., Orovwode Hope E., Jinadu A., Agbetuyi Felix A. & Adoghe Anthony U.
Abstract	Heart related issues have been so common according to medical research; the young and aged people are mostly affected. Electronic diagnosis has made a great impact in solving Heart related issues. However, the cost for acquiring stethoscope and Electrocardiographs is often expensive This simple, low cost microcontroller based heartbeat rate measuring device was developed using a reverse engineering technique. A five volts power supply (5V) was developed and used to power a sensor arrangement. The sensor comprised of an Infrared emitting diode and a photodiode. An amplifier unit was added to boost the signal coming from the sensor after which the signal was sent to a microcontroller. The microcontroller was programmed to count detected pulse for fifteen seconds and give the display through a connected 3-Digit seven segments. The device was packaged in a specially designed plastic casing; adequate spacing was provided for the digital readout, optical sensor, power switch and the control switches. Testing was done by using the device to measure the heartbeat rate of 42 individuals and the result compared with that of a standard device. The result using the developed device was found to be satisfactory as 73.69bpm average measurement while the polar sonic standard device gave an average reading 74.23bpm. A positive strong correlation of 0.907 was obtained for the two devices showing that the developed device is a good substitute for the (polar sonic) standard device. The device is simple in construction, easy to use, portable and cost effective.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015

3.	BIVARIATE MODELING OF THE NUMBER OF CASES OF VOLUNTARY INTERRUPTION OF PREGNANCY ON SOUSSE (TUNISIA)
3.	by Zouhaier Dhifaoui, Chekib Zedini, Menel Mallouli & Thouraya Ajmi
Abstract	In this paper we present a simultaneous modelling of bi-dimensional monthly time series representing the number of cases of two types of voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VIP) using vector autoregressive (VAR) model. The analysis confirms the existence of a causality relationship in the Granger sense between two types of VIP and a very high validity of the proposed model to describe it.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015

4.	COMMON FIXED POINTS OF OCCASIONALLY WEAKLY COMPATIBLE MAPS IN AN INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY METRIC SPACE
4.	by V.H. Badshah, Suman Jain, Arihant Jain & Preeti Sengar
Abstract	The purpose of this paper is to establish a common fixed point theorem for occasionally weakly compatible maps in an intuitionistic fuzzy metric space satisfying a new contractive type condition. Our result generalizes the result of Alaca et. al. [1, 3]. We also cited an example in support of our result.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015

5.	NEW INSIGHT INTO THE DYNAMICS OF WATER AND MACROMOLECULES IN MEAT DURING DRIP AS PROBED BY PROTON CPMG NMR
5.	by Eddy W. Hansen & Han Zhu
Abstract	BACKGROUND: Three distinct proton spin-spin relaxation rate components in meat are known to be associated with three corresponding spatial domains possessing different molecular ratios of water and/or macromolecules (extra- and inter/intramyofibrillar). In this work we acquire the proton signal intensity and corresponding relaxation rate of the three components during a drip experiment with the objective to probe the irreversible migration of water and macromolecules between domains with drip time. RESULTS: Each CPMG relaxation curve is decomposed into three relevant and distinct relaxation components (intensity and relaxation rate). A first-order kinetic model is adopted which enables the irreversible and slow “migration” of water and macromolecules between domains to be monitored. A detailing of the kinetic model applied is thoroughly discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of water and macromolecules within the respective domains in meat is monitored and quantified by in situ CPMG measurements during drip. The observed and irreversible change in proton intensity/relaxation rate during drip is rationalized by a slow migration of water molecules and macromolecules between the domains. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: To shed new light on the water holding capacity in biological material by probing the slow migration properties of water/macromolecules between different domains during drip loss.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015

6.	OBSERVER-CENTERED DESCRIPTION OF MISINTERPRETED RESULTS IN BIOLOGY
6.	by Francis Beauvais
Abstract	Benveniste’s experiments have been the subject of an international scientific controversy (known as the case of the “memory of water”). We recently proposed to describe these results in a modeling in which the outcome of an experiment is considered personal property (named cognitive state) of the observer and not an objective property of the observed system. As a consequence, the correlations between “expected” results and observed results in Benveniste’s experiments could be considered the consequence of quantum-like interferences of the possible cognitive states of the experimenters/observers. In the present paper, we evidence that small random fluctuations from the environment together with intersubjective agreement force the “expected” results and the observed results experienced by the observers into a noncommuting relationship. The modeling also suggests that experimental systems with enough compliance (e.g., biological systems) are more suitable to evidence quantum-like correlations. No hypothesis related to “memory of water” or other elusive modifications of water structure is necessary. In conclusion, a quantum-like interpretation of Benveniste’s experiments offers a logical framework for these experiments that have remained paradoxical to now. This quantum-like modeling could be adapted to other areas of research for which there are issues of reproducibility of results by other research teams and/or suspicion of nontrivial experimenter effect.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015

7.	SIMULATION OF THE FRACTURE PROCESS THROUGH A DAMAGE MODEL IN DIFFERENT MATERIALS
7.	by Ozias F. Chaves Filho, Gabriel S. Medeiros, Audy A.P. Segundo, Avelino M. S. Dias & André L. Christoforo
Abstract	The study of fracture mechanics is directed to the analysis of the capability of the material to resist mechanical stress without the occurrence of failure. The presence of small cracks can reduce the structural strength of the component enabling, in some cases, the collapse of the structure under a lower stress than the structural ultimate strength. Currently, the use of methodologies that address the problem of fracture in structural components to representing the macroscopic regime of the structure through the coupling of numerical models is used becoming increasing. In this aspect, finite element method has been used with the concept of fracture mechanics and continuum mechanics through to evaluate the damage in a structure. These approaches has been developed both for analysis of structural failure in different materials (fragile, ductile and composite). However, the correct incorporation of mechanical and phenomenological aspects inherent to the mechanisms of failure is a key factor to the success and effectiveness of such preventive methodologies. The goal of the present work was using the Finite Elements Method (FEM) together with the concepts of the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) to reproduce numerical models of fracture testing on different types of materials. Finally, to incorporate to the numerical models damage mechanisms capable of analyze the fracture processes, was used a constitutive relation based on models of cracking strain.
Source:	International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences June 2015-- Vol. 23 Issue 3 -- 2015