Oblique detonation waves are investigated by numerical simulations, to study the structure and formation of ODW over a wedge with a different amount of nitrogen dilution in hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures. The Euler equations are solved numerically for 2-D unsteady reactive flow and the kinematic mechanism for the H₂-air reactive mixture considers a 9-species reaction mechanism with 19-reversible elementary reactions. In the result of numerical simulations a range from (H₂: O₂: N₂ /2:1:3.76) to (H₂: O₂: N₂ /2:1:2) mixtures having a same structure but from (H₂: O₂: N₂ /2:1:1.5) to (H₂: O₂: N₂ /2:1:0) mixtures, a new X-shaped shock structure is occurred under the formation of ODW. If a part of flow behind the structure is subsonic and the specific energy release is too high, the entire structure may become detached from the wedge. ODW angle is gradually increasing with decreasing the amount of nitrogen dilution. The position of triple points is varying in mixtures but especially in the (H₂: O₂: N₂ /2:1:0) mixture, triple point position suddenly moved away from the trace. Firstly induction length decreases to critical nitrogen value, after (H₂: O₂: N₂ /2:1:2) mixture it is gradually increasing.

Box and Gaussian filters are suitable and typically perform well in applications where amount of smoothing required is small. These types of filters are quite optimum in eliminating small amount of noise from natural images. However, when the floor of the noise is large, and one is essential to average more pixels to suppress the noise, so these type of filters begin to over smooth sharp image features such as corners and edges. To overcome this shortcoming the bilateral filter has been proposed. In this paper we have presented new approach by utilizing bilateral filter via box filter method. The proposed method significantly improve the bilateral filter performance by simply implementing pre-processing step of box filtering at almost no additional cost.

The exponential stabilization problem for a kind of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots with uncertain camera parameters is analyzed based on the visual feedback. Firstly, a model of uncertain chained form system of type (2,1) mobile robot is presented by using the state input transformations. Then, two kinds of controllers are designed by using the auxiliary variable method and the input control method. This two kinds of controllers not only overcome the limit of the initial status of the system but also have high unification. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.