In this paper we present the effect of variation of substrate doping concentrations on I-V characteristics of Lightly Doped Drain (LDD) MOSFETs through a simulation study applicable also to any submicron device. The used software is TCAD simulator, which provide general capabilities for numerical, physically-based, two-dimensional simulation of semiconductor processing. 

At last we examine a linear model, in which we propose an appropriate approximation, that allows to simulate more adequately the effects of variation of the process parameters as correction to the base model of the device.

The absolute poverty line is the income or the expenditure necessary to meet basic human needs (food, clothing, housing) Ravallion [27]. Two approaches have been used to estimate the absolute poverty line; the cost of basic needs and the food energy intake. According to the cost of basic needs approach; the absolute poverty line is estimated using a multiple linear regression model. The Traditional Least Square method (parametric technique) is often used to estimate the absolute poverty line. In this paper we will suggest the rank-based estimation as a robust nonparametric technique to estimate the absolute poverty line. The parametric and robust nonparametric techniques will be used to estimate the absolute poverty line for Egypt using the Egypt Household income, spending and consumption survey (HIECS). The real data set has been collected by CAPMAS from 2010/2011 to 2014/2015. This data will be used to comparing the different techniques that are used to estimate the absolute poverty line.

In this paper we implement a semi-empirical compact model for CNTFETs, already proposed by us, considering both the quantum capacitance effects and the sub-threshold currents in order to carry out static and dynamic analysis of basic digital circuits. To verify the validity of the obtained results, they are compared with those of Wong model, obtaining results in good agreement, but with a lighter ensuring compile and a shorter execution time.  

In many countries, rail network consists of single lines with sidings where interactions between trains occur (meet, pass). In this paper, we study two problems: First, scheduling freight trains in a single line corridor while ensuring that the interactions happen safely. Second, allocation of freights to the scheduled freight trains with respect to due and release date of freights, weight of freights and finally, weight capacity of trains. The objective is to minimize the train’s travel time, allocating more freights to trains and minimizing the tardiness of freights in their final estination. For this timetabling and allocation problem, we present an integer linear programming formulation. Computational results confirm the validation of our model for freight trains scheduling and allocation of freights to the scheduled freight train.

Abiotic stresses are major constraints on worldwide crop production, and salinity is one in all the most important issues touching regarding simple fraction of the irrigated land on earth. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is avital crop occupying an oversized space, wherever salt stress is affecting almost every aspect of the physiology and biochemistry of plants and considerably reduces yield and limit agricultural production worldwide. In the present investigation, a trial has been made to study the effect of seaweed liquid extract (SWE) from Codium fragile at completely different concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) under salt stress.

Multicollinearity in linear regression affects negatively on the variance of the ordinary least squares estimators.          That leads to inflated confidence intervals and theoretically important variables become insignificant in testing hypotheses. In this article, the generalized Liu-type estimator is proposed, that has smaller mean squared error than the ordinary least squares estimators. The proposed estimator is a general biased estimator which includes other generalized biased estimators such as generalized Liu estimators and generalized ridge regression estimators as special cases of the proposed estimator. A Monte Carlo Simulation study is given to evaluate the performance of this estimator. Portland cement data is used to illustrate the results. Simulation results showed that generalized Liu-type estimators with different shrinkage parameters are robust to correlation between the independent variables. Therefore, the OLS should not be used in the presence of severe multicollinearity. Also, application results showed that the suggested estimator outperforms OLS estimates in terms of smaller mean squared errors.

In this paper Joint Chance-constrained Programming (JCCP) models are considered when random parameters are independent and follow the generalized exponential distributions. The main objective of this paper is to suggest an iterative approach to transform a probabilistic programming model into a sequence of equivalent deterministic linear programming models, which allow introducing several alternative policies for decision maker, then the linear models are solved using the Simplex method that is through two phases. Also, the suggested approach allows to process sensitivity analysis for the unknown probability of each single constraint included in the set of joint constraints. Finally, a numerical example introduced to illustrate the two phases and the alternative polices as well.

Quality culture has become a concept that aims to improve and support development by studying culture concept, understanding how it relates to quality, and improving and guarantee the same. Due to technological explosion and banks massive expansion, most banks have recently shown great interest in quality culture strategies to achieve strategic objectives.

This paper examines the impact of quality culture on competitive advantage by examining market performance, market share, sales volume, and profitability. To achieve the purpose of this study and to answer its questions, the researchers develop a questionnaire which was distributed to all the mangers who are working in banks main branches located in Amman- Jordan. Questionnaires were distributed over 150 managers. 118 questionnaires were collected so the response rate is 78.66 %... Collected questionnaires were valid for statistical analysis.

The research concluded that there is an impact of quality culture applied in banking sector on achieving competitive advantage.

A new boundary element method is presented to solve general nonlinear problems. The analog equation method (AEM) is a new problem that transforms the original problem into a basic solution known, but the virtual source is unknown. In this paper, we use this transformation, combined with the virtual source approximation of boundary element discrete and radial basis functions (RBFs) to obtain the boundary equation system of non-coupling domain. The method in this paper uses a simple, basic solution to the known homogeneous isotropic problem to establish the integral equation. An additional field function was introduced, determined by a complementary domain boundary integral equation. The nonlinear problem is transformed into a boundary integral based on the global approximation of the radial basis function, and then its numerical solution is estimated from the known basic solution. The advantages of this paper are as follows: 1) The presented method preserves the pure boundary properties of BEM, and element dispersion and integration are limited to boundaries. 2) Convert the governing equations of complex problems into simple governing differential equations of the same order, such as the Poisson equation. This greatly reduces the complexity of the solving problem.

Managing buses and bus transport routes is a serious challenge for any city and its efficient implementation is a vital issue for municipalities and transportation companies. Routing public transportation systems too is a very complicated problem that not only affects the performance efficiency and construction/exploitation costs, but also has an important part in such performance indicators as the passenger transport, travel speed, savings in the travel time, land use variations, and environmental effects. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an optimization-based method widely used to measure the relative performance efficiency of the public transportation systems.

Effort has been made in this paper to evaluate the performance of bus routes in a public transportation system using the Two-Stage DEA model. A conceptual framework is presented for the performance evaluation and appropriate input-output indicators are selected to calculate the performance efficiency and service efficacy of each route. Then the achievement function (model) is analyzed and bus routes that need to be reset and optimized are identified. Ten bus routes have been selected in Tehran for practical applications.