According to the statistical data of 2020, the total population of the Hsinchu area is 1,021,098, among which there are 156,261 people working in the Science Park. In addition to the high pressure, the life of "technological workers" is also characterized by overtime work, two-day work and two-day off, irregular diet, and low activity. Shoulder and neck pain refers to all kinds of pain from the root of the back of the head, and neck to the shoulder blades, and 85% of shoulder and neck pain is caused by muscle or ligament injury. Through long-term observation, we have learned that most of the muscle soreness of office workers in the Hsinchu area is mainly shoulder and neck pain, and musculoskeletal system injury is one of the important reasons for workers' incapacity.

This study discussed the related literature of shoulder and neck pain cognition, and adopted the Modified Delphi Method to collect the opinions of experts in the industry and academia. After identifying the influencing factors of shoulder and neck pain, a hierarchical structure was constructed, Finally, the analytic hierarchy process was used to conduct a questionnaire survey, weight analysis for each evaluation criterion, and consistency verification and ranking. The results show that the influencing factors of shoulder and neck pain of office workers in Hsinchu area are "lifestyle", "nature of work", "emotional form", and "pathological phenomenon" in order of importance. The analysis results provide a reference basis for office workers, traditional massage operators, and companies in management and decision-making.

Physics of the vacuum quanta is characterized by general solutions using algebraic equations by applying specific functional form of energy to previously developed model ansatz generalized Hamiltonian quantum mechanics of vacuum quanta formalism. Specific functional form of energy having attractive-repulsive terms were applied quantitatively involving complex transcendental components. Physical analysis of these equations gave insight on the workings of these equations on signals. These equations were graphed to yield functional signal forms of the partial differential equations, showing how the output of the functional signal forms reveal features of a digital-like pulses propagating waveform that are indicative of time evolution generators.

To gain an understanding of the sizes of these entities, zero-point spring constants were calculated from the well-known physics of zero-point energy, monopole mass, and harmonic oscillator relationships. Analytical interpretation of above computations showed that depending on monopole mass, entity sizes with zero-point gradient energy of 1026 metric units might correspond to sizes of these entities less than that of electrons-positrons and Bohr atom, typically 10-20 m versus 10-15 m or 10-18 m. sizes. With monopole mass value reducing closer to 10-47 kg with time-evolution, continuous propagation of generators, assisted by photon mediators will be expected to create quarks, antiquarks, & gluons.

Graphical plots also translate from all these equations, showing signal patterns and equivalent wave velocity in magnetic vortex vacuum quanta. They reveal observables that point to superstructure like crystal physics, manifesting certain internal structure of dynamic cosmological genesis with possibility of a superluminal signal space-time

This paper aims to study muscles behavior and investigate the effect of varied joint angle on the muscle forces. Quadratic objective function of muscle forces was minimized to estimate muscles forces in the forearm-hand segment at four different elbow joint angles during carrying external load applied on hand performed on the sagittal plane. The forearm-hand model was investigated to study the influence of varied elbow angle on the load sharing of the forearm-hand model. Six muscles were selected as prime movers of the model and their forces were estimated using Lagrange multiplier method. At each elbow angle, the forces of the selected muscles were determined, during lifting a load, to be compared to each other with observing the influence of elbow angle. The findings showed that the minimized muscles forces were highly influenced by the change in elbow join angle. It was also found that differences between the loads sharing of the estimated muscles which are related to the change in the elbow angle. Once the elbow angle was 30 degrees, the estimated forces had the highest values among the other forces estimated with the other elbow angles whereas the elbow angle of 120 degrees the muscles had the lowest forces. Consequently, it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between the elbow angle and the muscle forces in the model. Moreover, the external load applied on hand is better being carried at elbow angle of 120 degrees. That indicates that the elbow joint angle of 120 degrees may be better than the other elbow joint angles.

It has been established that in the presence of heteroscedasticity, the least squares method has two major drawbacks: inefficient parameter estimate and biased variance. Tests for heteroscedasticity had been developed for linear models but not for nonlinear models. This study is aimed at investigating the Power of some tests for detecting heteroscedasticity in nonlinear models namely; Cobb-Douglas (CD) and Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES). The objectives of the study were to propose a test by modifying existing Breusch-Pagan test for detecting heteroscedasticity; and compare the performance, in term of the test, the Modified Breusch-Pagan and some existing tests of heteroscedasticity for the models.

The CD were transformed to intrinsically linear models through logarithms while the linearization by Kmenta was used for CES production function model. Using the parameter estimates of the model, the residuals were computed and used as the dependent variable for the auxiliary regression. The error structured data were drawn from a normal distribution with mean, zero and variance, . Real life data from World Development Indicator was used for gross domestic product (GDP), Capital (K) and Labour (L) to confirm the results from simulation study.

The findings of the study showed that for the level of heteroscedasticity in the models considered, the proposed Modified Breusch-Pagan (MBP) tests are the most powerful for all the sample sizes because it offered substantial improvements over Breusch­Pagan, White and Parks tests. It is therefore recommended that the proposed Modified Breusch-Pagan and Park tests should be used for nonlinear models.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of impact of temperature variation on I-V characteristics in two CNTFET models proposed in literature in order to identify the one more easily implementable in simulation software for electronic circuit design. At first we consider a compact, semi-empirical model, already proposed by us, performing I-V characteristic simulations at different temperatures. Our results are compared with those obtained with the numerical FETToy model, online available, obtaining I-V characteristics comparable, but with CPU calculation times lower.

In this paper, we introduce a modified extragradient algorithm for solving variational inequality problems involving pseudomontone with non-Lipschitz continuous operators. The algorithm which combines the inertial technique and the extragradient algorithm, we show the algorithm is globally convergence.