The investigations conducted in this study of earthquake response of tall symmetric buildings are based on the observation that these structures share many important dynamic properties.   Earlier these types of studies were not reported much due to the lack of computational facilities.  Introduction of reliable and widely recognised computer tools changed the situation to a great extend. The present work begins by quantifying the similarities and differences in equivalent static method and response spectrum method of tall regular building analysis under fundamental period and torsional period based on Indian seismic code provisions.  Design moments of columns and roof displacements are taken as the parameters of the study.  From the present investigation of three dimensional static and dynamic analyses, it is observed that torsional period excitations are significant than the fundamental period and those effects started from law raised buildings even for regular structures.  Shortfall of the Indian seismic code provisions in this area is observed.  Guidelines and design tools are prepared based on the study which helps to a better understanding of the torsional behaviour of tall symmetric structures.

Due to rapid urbanization all over the world, there is a necessity to construct and use concrete structures with reinforcement of steel viz. high rise buildings, tunnels, railway sleepers, bridges, turbo generator foundations, nuclear power plants, dams, reservoirs etc.

Corrosion of embedded steel of the pre-stressed concrete structure is a universal problem and has revived scientific attention during the last few decades. In general the loss of alkalinity of concrete caused by the entry of carbon dioxide leads to the corrosion of reinforcement, if moisture and oxygen are present. Many developments regarding to physical properties of embedded metal and the concrete have come up. However, regular monitoring of the health of concrete structure has become a very complicated task, because of the intricate and sophisticated design of structures and use of complicated instruments, the interpretation of data requires specialized knowledge. Here an attempt has been made to visualize the “surface-state of the steel embedded in concrete concast, though the interpretation of potential-time data, potential being recorded routinely. Some easily available common materials have been used to see their performance on the potential development at the metal solution interface-Polystyrene, red oxide, black Japan and aluminum paint have been examined. Bond strength between reinforcement and concrete is also taken into consideration while using paint as an anticorrosive material.

Red oxide has been tested as a concrete admixture. Chemicals like sodium Hexa-meta phosphate (HMP) and calcium chloride have been tested for their positive and negative behavior of the maintenance/deterioration of stable potential.

In this investigation control-volume method has been used for simulating the indoor air flow using Lam-Bremhorst low-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model. The flow is considered to be steady, two-dimensional and the Boussinesq’s approximation has been used for the buoyancy term. The resulting non-linear system of momentum, energy, turbulence kinetic energy and its dissipation equations have been solved on a non-uniform grid by SIMPLE algorithm due to Patankar and SIMPLEC algorithm due to Doormaal et al.. The Power law scheme has been used to discretise the convective/diffusion terms.

The distributions of velocity, temperature, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation of kinetic energy in the room have been presented for Reynolds number of 7× 10 ³and for Grashof number up to 10⁷ ( ∆T = 10 ⁰C ) for different locations of inlet and outlet. The inlet air is assumed to be at higher temperature than the walls. It has been observed that  flow pattern changes considerably as Gr increases.