Geographical data, like any other data, are prone to errors. The management of spatial integrity constraints in geographic information system is made by special procedures and declarative mechanisms at priori to avoid registration errors of measurement. In this article we propose not to define special procedures or to preclude the presence of measurement errors in a geographic database, but to introduce an approach that allows reconstructing the actual spatial object from the object obtained in the field with errors of measurement. This geographical object is modeled in triangular meshing in the context of algorithmic geometry. So we use this formality of Bayesian networks for pattern recognition. Thus, constraint checking will submit to a learning process provided with explanatory information for the decision. The study is applied to a spatial planning.

In this paper a space-time decision feedback equalization (ST-DFE) scheme with Multi User Detection (MUD) for multiple receiver antenna aided space division multiple access systems is used to achieve minimum bit error rate(MBER). The MBER multi user detection is capable of improving bit error rate performance and enhancing the attainable system capacity. In this paper we show that the BER performance of a system is improved over that of the standard minimum mean square error (MMSE) design. The implementation of the MBER ST-DFE assisted MUD is proposed using a stochastic gradient- based least bit error rate algorithm hence achieving a lower computational complexity than the LMS algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the MBER ST-DFE assisted MUD is robust to channel estimation errors as well as to potential error propagation imposed by decision feedback errors, compared to the MMSE ST-DFE assisted MUD.

In lower income countries such as those of the South Asia and Africa, several workers are either ignorant or un-care about the risks associated with the jobs they do. This has led to frequent accident situations in industries causing colossal loss of resource. This paper presents the development of interactive software employed for assessing risks and estimating industrial man-hour loss and its economic implications. Accident investigation registers were administered to 21 various manufacturing and oil and gas industries to assess their workplace associated risks. Typical incident cases such as amputation, electrocution, asphyxia, crushes, head injuries, sprain, slips and falls, and some others were identified during the study duration. It was discovered that about 24 hours to 3,158 hours could be lost depending on the severity of injuries/accidents. For catastrophic category of injuries/accidents, a worker could be render incapable or even dies. A mathematical relation was formulated for quantifying the man-hour losses in monetary values.

Obesity is one of the most prevalent serious public health problems in today’s ultra modern lifestyle. It is a condition of excessive fat accumulation to the body in which authentic factors contributed to obesity are very much inconclusive. Although many medical researches unveiled several factors may contribute to development of obesity but the extents of contribution or weight for each factor remain unknown. This paper aims to propose weights for the selected factors contributed to development of obesity using an analytical approach. The Saaty’s Analytical Heirarchy Process (AHP) model is employed in computing weights for the factors. One hundred and fifty respondents from Kuala Terengganu Town Council of Malaysia were sampled to provide input data using a sixteen-item pair wise comparison questionnaire.  Respondents’ scaled data from 1 to 9 were averaged using arithmetic mean prior to computing using the five-step of AHP. The results show that the factor of sedentary lifestyle was received the highest weight followed by the factor of genetics and medical and psychiatric illness. The weights for the three factors were 0.6042, 0.2649 and 0.1304 respectively. The result implicates the importance of changing life style in minimising to development of obesity.

The existing methods for determining the safety factor of simple homogeneous slopes are graphical in nature and may require iterations. This technical note presents a simple explicit equation for determining the safety factor for such conditions. A polynomial surface of the stability number was established based on the Taylor’s chart. A dimensionless parameter and a trigonometric series approximation were then used along with the stability number surface to establish the explicit equation. The proposed equation is applicable to the case of homogeneous slopes without seepage as well as the special cases involving complete submergence, complete sudden drawdown, steady seepage, and zero boundary neutral force. Validation of the proposed equation was performed by comparing its results with those of the existing graphical and analytical methods. The results showed that the proposed equation was very accurate. As such, the proposed equation should be useful in many geotechnical applications, especially those that implement safety factor as part of a larger modeling system.

The globally growing demand of cement results in towering collection of kiln dust from cement plants. The disposal of this fine dust is very difficult and poses an environmental threat. To overcome this problem, research is being carried out in different parts of the world to find out economical and efficient ways and means of using cement kiln dust (CKD) in various applications like soil stabilization, cement production, pavements, waste product stabilization, agriculture and cement products, etc. This study presents a research review on CKD usage in soil and waste utilization and the results of experimental investigation on its usage in building block manufacturing and soil stabilization.

In this work, the direct position kinematics of a 3 degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator with three identical limbs, type revolute-prismatic-spherical (RPS), is analyzed. In contrast to the previous studies on this class of manipulators, the revolute joints of the proposed manipulator are actuated rather than the prismatic joints. Direct position kinematics of the manipulator leads to a system of three nonlinear equations in three unknowns that are reduced to a univariate polynomial of degree eight and two quadratic equations in sequence using Sylvester dialytic elimination method. In addition, to show the efficiency of the presented method a numerical example is provided.